Maritime Policy Essay

Maritime policies are set and managed so as to ensure the safety of ships while on the open seas. Furthermore maritime policies also have control over ports and the policies for docking, shipments, monies, what can be imported or not. Liabilities and values are managed and in some respects so are ethics. The policies are to designate water rights and boundaries. Shipping has inherent risks associated with the trade that needs to have emergency plans in place should something go wrong. There are environmental factors to take into consideration. 1 Add to this list, insurances, warranties and the laws that bind and by far, but not even the least, hazmat with the MSDS sheets of chemicals being transported, inspections, proper loads and bills of lading. Piracy isn’t much of an issue in today’s modern times but yet there are policies on piracy though much of this is outdated back to 1800-1900. Let us start with the safety aspect of shipping. Safety always starts and ends with the human element. Without human intervention there is no guarantee of proper safety procedures being followed. Granted there are no guarantees anyway but a plan to follow is by far better than not having one. Maritime safety policies offer a protection not only to humans but to the environment and each territory or country has its own maritime safety policies and their own policies in general. In following safety as put in the policies this can also promote economic development and activity. 2 If safety procedures set forth in each policy are adhered to then the smooth sailing into and out of ports and countries, taking into account the shipment, humans and wildlife and water handling as well as obeying water boundaries and the knowledge of these policies per each are of sailing then one can be fairly presumptuous in a smooth transaction. Smooth transactions will enable a stable and economical trade for a long time. Funny how safety and policies are a direct relation to simply sailing right? On top of written policies as mentioned, maintenance is also a huge safety concern. Without proper and timely maintenance of sea faring vessels, catastrophes can happen, shipments can be late which can in turn affect contracts of imports or exports which of course goes straight into the economics of shipping. As mentioned, the MSDS of chemicals is hugely, astronomically important in safety! The MSDS sheets give an abundant amount of information relating to any and all chemicals with regards to properties, explosiveness, stability, storage, shipping, proper handling, exposures to human and animals, what to do in case of accidents, medical issues and who to call for questions and answers. MSDS furthermore gives information as to protective wear and the immediate emergency criteria. While the MSDS (material safety data sheet) is one of the most important aspects in the USA for chemicals, even if they don’t seem dangerous, transport and safety factors, other countries will also have their own individual regulations for shipments containing dangerous chemicals. These regulations must be followed as well. This is to ensure safety precautions from both levels. Simply not following, even the MSDS instructions can cause severe issues. Explosions can happen, people and animals may become ill or death may occur. Long term lasting effects may happen to both humans and wildlife. If the safety practice is not followed with regards to whatever is being transported, whomever did not follow the instructions will be held liable and an end result can mean cancelled contracts, economic loss and soured politics with one person or country or even company. You must see the broad picture and how all of this relates to successful shipping, economics, policies and in general to the world. The economics of shipping is like a well oiled machine when operated correctly and with the use of good teamwork throughout all ports, countries and waterways and once again the following of policies at each port, within each territory. Economic welfare consists of the sum of consumers’ surpluses and producers’ surpluses plus or minus any relevant externalities. 3 The economy also requires a strong organizational skill of the shippers, producers and purchasers, not necessarily meaning consumers. The transportation of goods being shipped must be organized in respects to sea, air and freight transport, the production of making and delivering the goods, the ability to produce contracts in a timely manner, even the ability to put together a contract and keep it. Economics also requires the knowledge of knowing port fees and taxes in the other ports being frequented. Market trends will also play a large part in a successful economic empire. If you do not know the ever changing markets and the different economies at each port then the dismals failings are easily found in the shipping industry. This will slide right into the sociological factors of shipping. So how does this part of the shipping management work? How does it prosper? The entire shipping industry, to run in a smooth way uses all of the above but then there is an ultimate management of it all. The human resources management, the industry management, the social management, it all plays a huge part. The items in which are shipped, the taxes and prices of the different items all vary. The weight allowed for each ship, rail car or air transport matter in all ways. Social change denotes this. Social change can also be a dangerous happening to an industry if not prepared. When social change happens, this is similar to the industry changing and the industry and companies must be ready to absorb losses and be prepared to switch gears at a moments notice in their decisions of what to ship to who and when. Contracts may have to be renegotiated and in some cases when they can’t be then there is once again the absorption of the possibility of losing monies, contracts, and in worse case scenarios, allies from other countries. Maybe contracts won’t renew or no new contracts accepted. 4 The sociological side of a shipping industry and all involved are yet again directly correlated with the ecological aspects. There is an ecological factor to also take into consideration, both of the environment side and the human side. The environment side is in relation to protecting the seas, plant and animals within and against leakages that poor maintenance and unnecessary pollutions can cause. If maintenance is not done in the fashions that need to be, ships can fail at sea, shipments can be late. This is a small factor in the ecological side. The bigger problems are with lack of maintenance causing a fuel spill or oil spill then the natural inhabitants of the sea are affected, plant life is affected thus in the end so is the human life. Humans, whether spending the time to cleanup up or from suffering from the damages in a physical way, it is all apart of the ecology. On the human side, and back to the sociological side, which is a direct line to discrimination in today’s world, is the interdependence of the people. This means the people who work together in close quarters and those who work on the ports in far away countries or locally. Interdependence is a vital role in today’s world. If one person discriminates against another, that person loses an interdependence thus making for an unhappy person and in the end this can result in suits being filed. The interdependence of companies relies on maintaining a good policy and ethics as well. On the psychological level of this, companies who cannot maintain all the aspects of maritime policies lose their internal interdependence thus causing the loss of business and potentially causing conflicts that no one ever needs. Conflicts, no matter how small, have too many variables that affect to many avenues. The normal human resources departments of any business must have a good grip on the social aspects of management as well. This doesn’t just include the inter office workings but also all the working at sea, in the air or ground transportation involved. With regards to all the different ports and lanes that a shipping company must deal with there is always the word monopoly that comes to mind. Just like any other person who owns businesses, they are not allowed to corner the market and create this monopoly. Large shipping empires that have attained a level of success would love to monopolize. In a monopoly they would have the most control thus thinking that they have the most power which is an obvious factor to the God complex and this mentality can backslide back hundreds of years to a piracy level. Piracy in any form is not healthy for any economy worldwide. Another issue, especially since the 911 attack, is the threat of terrorist activity. These two play a part in negotiating contracts and between the US and other countries contracts can be quite difficult in forming before they are signed. Hand in hand with this can also be the social aspect. Considering the many parts to a shipping contract, not all parties are going to agree, not all parties are going to easily find the synergy needed to help one another and if a contract is negotiated wrongly, this can, in an astute way cause a port war which can engage much more than the initial port issue thus quickly embroiling itself into wars of territorial or world wars. The security involved policies is to prevent against this form of uprising and thus security issues are addressed in contracts as well. Our history shows that it doesn’t take much to cause a full fledged war as it is, so a good democratic person, or many, with a political mind and good business sense partnered with common sense may be a good one to deal with the different contracts and ports. The biggest issue seems to be the limits of liability. How much liability is each player going to accept if a shipment goes wrong? The factoring of circumstances that control this will help make this decision but in the end no one ever wants to be liable. We must work with and against liability issues such as warranties, lost or late shipments, unexpected happenings, transportation failures and the like. Someone has to be liable at all times and this liability shifts constantly from one person or company, to another. In the end someone has to pay for the negative liability caused. Another, much harder issue to deal with is the contract of intermodal transport. The ships provide transport but contracts also have to be written for the air and land travel as well. Who is responsible and the timeliness factor and costs at each port. Who becomes responsible when arriving at a port and suddenly the shipment isn’t available per unexpected intervention? This becomes a frustrated contract and thus many people lose in this instance. Intermodal transport requires high organization from many variables. Time, type of shipment, weight of shipment, cost of the transport, who can better do the transport with quality and quantity are all important roles. When transportation details are being negotiated, no matter if land, sea, air or a culmination of them all, it is imperative that all operates as expected. When something fails, it affects facets of the industry itself as well as families and all inbetween. With any maritime traveler there is a large and sometimes very emotional, ongoing issue in direct relation the sociological factoring and that’s the families of these travelers. There is a lot of time spent at sea, more so than at home by a wide margin. Even though wives, and sometimes husbands may marry a sea traveler, accepting that lifestyle can be a time of intense and long term distraught. Families have been interrupted and torn apart, simply because the other partner is not there as often as the other one wants them to be. While one partner is striving to provide the economical balance for the family, both parties must also have their own brand of political reasoning in order to maintain that family status. Now it seems crazy that a seafaring family would have politics within their home but it is definitely inevitable to a much higher degree than normal family politics as much more is at stake and much bigger changes happen. The one contract at this point that is generally easier to dissolve is the marriage contract and this happens frequently. â€Å"In this New World [of globalization] there is no room for national industrial policies and shipping is no exception. National shipping policy is dead – or it should be. † (Sletmo, 2001, p 334). While Sletmo may state that specific policies do not broaden the economics of the shipping industry but yet the government keeps making policies does not mean that the whole shipping industry policy is dead or needs to be dead. There are many policies that we may be unaware of that indeed do not strengthen the economics of this industry. The policies were put there for a reason and even if it is the policy on piracy it remains. This is a check and balance system that will always be ever changing. Can you imagine what would happen if all references to piracy were exonerated in maritime policies? Bounce right back to history of The Boston Tea Party or of the days of pirates stealing ships and cargo and the deaths involved, the families destroyed. It is a requirement to have the government involved to a degree. To have policies in place is needed. This is the only way, even in a globalized world, to survive whether it be industrial of nature or not. National shipping policy is not dead; just not agreed upon as much. From the Federal standpoint of maritime laws, shipping policies will remain in place as it desperately needs the protection that it affords. This protection encompasses regulation safety issues, contracts, ecological and sociological issues, water borders, individual countries port rules and much more. Policies affect the world wide shippers to some degree, even if only contemplating the policies in the USA. With larger shippers from Germany, Japan, Netherlands, China and Hong Kong present, it is imperative to have policies in place, especially when considering the past issues of wars between the USA and some of these countries. There is no room for error, no margin for a lack of agreed upon policies to maintain a profitable shipping policy. These countries must get along; one slip can create chaos and the loss of the economy even more so than ever, the loss of allies, and an uprising. This can even inadvertently and directly affect our stock markets and jobs world wide. If one thinks about the logical, in-depth reasons for policies, one will also recognize that many of the USA products, to include our actual ships, come from other countries. Without a policy in place for protection then shipping ports begin to lose. Without a policy, taxes may not be agreed upon, shipments may not be considered as satisfactory, maybe someone would decide to usurp someone else’s authority thus the possibility and likelihood of angering a different country or a specific port. It is somewhat recognizable that there will be a never ending aspect to problems that can happen and their effects which only go to prove that yes, policies, in all arenas of shipping need to be made under all circumstances. There is an abundant amount of pressure in shipping. One specific example is where we obtain our ships. Most of the ships the USA or other countries uses or owns are built in Germany. With Germany building the ships we buy or lease there is the maintenance and warranty to consider. Without proper maintenance a warranty is void, with a voided warranty, as with anything, tempers flare as each party believes another to be responsible. When proper maintenance of a ship is adhered to per policy then generally it leaves little to no room for argument when it comes time to file against a warranty. Warranties in everyday life, for little items are sometimes hard enough to get honored as it is; imagine enforcing a warranty for a multi million dollar freight ship. It becomes obvious how important it is to follow the shipping policy of just maintenance alone. Once again, think of the broader picture of maintenance and how it is related to safety as already discussed. Another example of shipping is actual the lower cost of labor for production in countries such as Japan and China. What if one day the shipping industry was paying 10 cents on the dollar for the labor to produce the items for shipment and then the next day that labor cost shot up to 50 cents on the dollar because of a suddenly strained atmosphere between countries? This rise would affect everything involved with contracts, timeliness, allies, shipments, sociological factors and who knows what else may happen that we don’t see. In summary, yes there are many policies for both the USA shippers for sea, land and air shipping but there are also policies for ports and countries abroad. There are many contracts to consider, many safety precautions to follow. There is a lot of political and economical pressure from all parties involved in the shipping industry and without policies in place there is no way that the shipping industry would survive. This lack of survival would affect all of us, world wide. Companies, persons, ports and countries would do as they saw fit, each persons view would be different and there would be nothing in place to prevent severe consequences from happening. While nothing is ever perfect in our imperfect world, the world of maritime policies must be complete in every aspect and almost perfect. Policies are ever changing as needs arise and in the end, if terms cannot be agreed upon to form a new policy then this can go anywhere from losing a contract before it is signed, to losing part of an economy to a full out war. Globalization demands policies at all levels. The statement of there being no room for industrial shipping policies is a huge fallacy. Make room for the policies needed for the safety, economical, political reason on all levels throughout the world, that, or have a mess on hand that will be a hard cleanup. List of References MSc in Maritime Security, Safety and Enviromental Management (2005) http://www.deu. edu. tr/DEUWeb/English/Icerik/Icerik. php? KOD=6756http://www. maritimesafetymanagement. com/AboutMSEM/AcademicProgram/Unit3SafetyandEnvironmentalManagement1/tabid/723/Default. aspx Maritime Transport Policy (2006) Barrott, Jacques http://ec. europa. eu/transport/maritime/doc/maritime_transport_policy_en. pdf pg 2 Gross, Richard (2004) Economic Welfare and Maritime Economics (http://web. deu. edu. tr/smbm/RGoss. pdf Scollick, Andy. Maritime Regional Sustainability http://web. pml. ac. uk/globec/structure/fwg/focus4/symposium/posters/S5-P8. pdf Norfolk Southern Railway Co. v. Kirby, 125 S. Ct. 385 (2004). Federal Maritime Jurisdiction Pushes Inland http://www. olemiss. edu/orgs/SGLC/National/SandBar/4. 1maritime. htm SLETMO, G. K. 2001. `The End of National Shipping Policy? A Historical Perspective on Shipping Policy in a Global Economy`, International Journal of Maritime Economics, 2001, 3, (333-350). Sletmo (2001) The Economic Effects of Shipping policies http://www. porteconomics. nl/docs/the_economic. pdf Shipping Management Plan VS 1 (2003-2005) http://www. amsa. gov. au/shipping_safety/great_barrier_reef_and_torres_strait/gbr_review_report/Documents/shipmgt1. pdf The New York Times ( 1919) http://query.nytimes. com/mem/archive-free/pdf? _r=1&res=9504E7D6163AE03ABC4C51DFB3668382609EDE&oref=slogin National Shipping Fleets and Access to Shipping Markets (1950-1960) http://www. unescap. org/ttdw/Publications/TFS_pubs/Pub_1988/Pub_1988_Ch5. pdf Law of the Sea. Murdoch University (1901-1988) http://weblaw. edu. au/display_page. phtml? WebLaw_Page=Law+of+the+Sea Traveling by Sea. Traveling Advice for Shipping and Ports (2008) http://www. smartraveller. gov. au/zw-cgi/view/Advice/shipping_and_ports Department of Transport. Shipping and Ports (2007) http://www. dft. gov. uk/pgr/shippingports/ State of Connecticut Maritime Policy (2006) http://www. ct. gov/dot/cwp/view. asp? a=2314&Q=309828 Maritime Affairs (2008) http://ec. europa. eu/maritimeaffairs/ Ferguson, Allen R. Refom on Maritime Policy: Building blocks of an Integrated Program http://www. cato. org/pubs/regulation/regv17n2/reg17n2-ferguson. html BioMarine: Integrated Maritime Policy (2008) http://www. marinelink. com/Story/BioMarine:+Integrated+Maritime+Policy-213236. html Maritime Areas of Practice http://www. klgates. com/practices/ServiceDetail. aspx? service=77 The Transportation Institute http://www. trans-inst. org/EuropeanMaritimePolicies. htm Word count=3069

Explain how Disability May affect learning Essay

The rate of development is dependent on many factors and can differ greatly from child to child. The main areas of development are: 1. Physical development 2. Social development 3. Intellectual development 4. Language development Read more:  Personal factors that affect child development essay Below is a short list of how they might develop in specific age ranges: 0-3 months: Smile, turn their head at familiar sounds, shake and hold a rattle, 6-12 months: Make noises and show feelings of joy and sadness, begin to crawl, recognise their name, look for dropped objects, reach towards food, show affection to familiar people 1-2 years: Begin to walk, begin to pick food up with fingers, wave, say no, hold drawing materials, shows preference for one hand, mostly cooperative, play alongside other children, use phrases 3 years: want to do things for themselves, demanding attention, jump, climb, paint, eat by themselves, understands how to do 2/3 things at once,  vocabulary extends, more controlled use of drawing materials, asking questions, making sentences, can walk on tip toes, pours liquid, kick and throw a ball, sense of humour. 4 years: Pedal a bike, throw with aim, confident with scissors, more cooperative with adults, likes to help with everything, sociable and starts to show concern for others 5 years: grammar more accurate, able to communicate own ideas, recognise their own written name, use pictures to follow stories in a book, questions become more complex, hold drawing material steadily and copy shapes and lettering 5-7 years: fluent speaker, can make up stories, handles books, start to read 7-12 years: team games, climb confidently and swing, hit a ball, skip run and jump, becoming less dependent on adults, aware of own gender, starts to form close friendships at about 8 years, can be shy, arrogant, bossy, uncertain, take an interest in certain subjects by 9, may need help with spelling but vocabulary will grow, know different tenses and grammar. 12-19 years: Adolescence is said to start for girls at age 11. At this stage they still lack clearly defined roles and feelings of anger, insecurity and frustration may surface. Rate of growth is different in children and a 15 year old girl can be physically mature by the time she is 15. Boys usually reach adolescence later at age 14 when their voices may break and they will develop body hair. Co-ordination and strength will increase greatly in both sexes. Their bodies are experiencing dramatic changes and they also become less worried about adult approval generally seeking peer approval in its place. Their pace of intellectual development depends now on what guidance they are given to make the connections between knowledge and practical application in daily life. The more they are supported the quicker they will grow. Task 2: Explain the difference between sequence of development and rate of development and why the difference is important The difference between sequence and rate is that the sequence of development is a process where one development is followed by another and achieves a certain level with a series of changes or growth that leads to a matured state. The rate of development is the pace of something that compares to something else. Although children follow the same pattern of development,  every child has a different rate of development. So sequence will mostly be uniform and rate is very likely to be different in each child. The difference is important because these principals run through all the areas of development from physical, social, intellectual and language no matter what the age of the child. If one or other is skipped or is slow it can be a cause for concern and may lead to a child being given a special recommendation or having a special need in or outside school. Task 3: Explain how children and young people’s development is influenced by a range of personal factors Home environment, relationships with carers/parents and siblings, the child itself, behaviours and health as well as personal characteristics, are all factors that can impinge on a child’s development, personal and external. If there are negative experiences in any of the factors it can be harmful to brain development and affect a child’s ability to gain the core skills that are necessary to reach developmental milestones. Developmental delays can happen in all areas of a child’s development or just one or two areas. Prenatal care can have a serious impact on a child’s development. Certain risks factors before birth can be avoided if the mother takes care of herself by not smoking or heavily drinking alcohol which could affect impact on brain development. Richard H. Schwarz, MD from American Baby states that ‘children whose mothers drank heavily during pregnancy may have problems with learning, memory, attention, speech, and hearing, as well as severe behavioral problems’ Health – is a very important factor in development. If a child has any serious health issues it can have a detrimental effect on their learning ability across all spheres of development. For example a deaf child will have language and communication issues and this will significantly slow down the learning process. Learning Difficulties – A child with learning problems may be many developmental years behind their peers; this will have a big impact on what they can do in all areas of development including physical skills, social skills and intellectual skills. Task 4: Explain how children and young people’s development is influenced by a range of external factors There are many risk factors which can impinge on a child’s development. Home environment is key to development and learning by positive experience can make a huge difference. Much of what a child learns comes from the culture around them, early exposure to books, parental involvement and informal education in the home will be positive in a child’s development whereas poverty and neglect will have the opposite effect. This may mean a child develops poor social skills, may live in cramped housing where there is no room for play or to develop, unable to afford resources in and out of school, therefore not encouraging the child to progress in development outside school. Inability of parents to care for a child properly providing a positive home environment can influence how the child behaves at school. Community environment can also have a big part to play. Available resources and structure and in the community as well as the home make a difference to how a child can perceive the world. Task 5: Explain how theories of development and frameworks to support development influence current practice The many different theories of development are all equally important as they help us to understand children’s behaviour, reactions, and ways of learning and therefore influence practice. Jean Piaget was the first psychologist to make a study of cognitive development using detailed observational studies of cognition in children, and a series of simple tests to reveal different cognitive abilities. Before Piaget’s work, the common assumption in psychology was that children are less competent thinkers than adults. Piaget showed that young children think in very different ways compared to adults. His theory is that a developing child builds mental maps for understanding and responding to situations. Development is therefore biologically based and changes as the child matures. Cognition develops in all children in the same sequence of stages. Piagets work influenced t eaching practices to provide more hands on and relevant tasks for children where they learn through play. Piaget has been extremely influential in developing educational policy and teaching. For example, a review of primary education by the UK government in 1966 was based strongly on Piaget’s theory. The result of this review led to  the publication of the Plowden report (1967). The idea that children learn best through doing and actively exploring was seen as central to the transformation of primary school curriculum1. Unlike Piaget’s theory that children’s development must necessarily precede their learning, Vygotsky argued, â€Å"learning is a necessary and universal aspect of the process of developing culturally organized, specifically human psychological function† In other words, social learning tends to come before development and the environment in which they grow will influence how they think and what they think about. He places more emphasis on social contributions from peers, family and teachers believing this has a greater contribution towards lea rning than development. Vygotsky’s idea was â€Å"reciprocal teaching†, used to improve students’ ability to learn from text. In this method, teacher and students collaborate in learning and practicing four key skills: summarizing, questioning, clarifying, and predicting. The teacher’s role in the process is reduced over time. He believed that children could guide and develop each other by completing tasks together such as reading buddies which is widely used in schools today. Maria Montessori is associated with an educational method that encourages education through movement using multi sensory educational materials. Montessori also championed the concept of multi-age classrooms. She stated â€Å"The idea is for each child to move as quickly or as slowly as they need to move (in terms of learning).† Montessori believed that her ultimate aim would be accomplished by allowing the children to manipulate their environment. She believed it was not only important to Montessori to teach children the practical life skills necessary to live in society, but also to integrate the family into the learning process. Like Voygotsky, Montessori said that it was the union of the family and the school in the matter of educational aims that would enhance student learning and be beneficial to both the parents and the child. Montessori said that both home and school were places of social processes and it was important to educate children in both contexts to allow them the skills to generalize any lessons learned to their future schooling career and ultimately the greater society. Multi-age classes that are part of the Montessori method allow younger children to learn from older ones. The older children in a class are able to practice their skills by sharing them with younger children. The span of ages makes it easy for a younger  child with advanced skills in a particular area to be able to work at a higher level than other children of the same age. Older children build self-esteem by serving as class leaders.2 Schools now increasingly use â€Å"hands-on† methods to teach math and science. Though those schools may not use Montessori materials, the idea of using concrete items that children can manipulate is one promoted by Montessori. Many of these theories have come together and helped create a framework for learning and development. The Early Years Foundation Stage Framework for example uses some of these theories, positive relationships to encourage parents and carers to take an active part in their child’s learning (Vygotsky, Montessori), enabling environments, and the theory that every child learns and develops at different rates (Montessori). Children being allowed to play and explore by themselves as per Piagets theory, The Early Years Foundation Stage Framework states there are 3 prime areas for learning: communication & language: physical development: personal, social and emotional development: all of which our theorists believe in and articulated throughout their research. Task 6: Explain how to monitor children and young people’s development using different methods There are both summative and formative methods of assessment Summative monitoring such as SATS tests which are used to record progress and academic knowledge and general tests in class for example spelling and maths tests which will indicate a rate of progress. Formative methods such as different child observational methods such as focus child where the focus is on one child for a set amount of time, checklists where development is checked against specific milestones, time sampling recording information at regular intervals, structured which will monitor a child completing a pre set activity, naturalistic which a child will be observed during the normal course of events and a general diary record of the childs progress. An observer will evaluate the development of the child being measured against specific ‘milestones’ that should have been reached by a certain stage. The child is observed in the classroom or playground in their natural surroundings and also in the classroom to ascertain how they are progressing with their studies. The observer will gather a lot of information on behaviour patterns, interaction with peers and teachers, how the child co-ordinates and solves any problems. Specific emphasis should be  put on social behaviour, learning and motor skills. Sharing information with parents/carers and colleagues can be invaluable as they will see the child in a different setting perhaps to you and can also therefore make informed observations. An older child may need to be involved, according to their understanding, in any assessment of their development. This might include recording their feelings wishes and views. They would need to be monitored in different contexts (depending on which areas of their development is giving cause for concern). Culture and a different language being their first language must be taken into consideration. A child may not have developmental needs when using their first language and this will need to be noted and addressed. Any observational monitoring outcomes must be fed back to the parents/carers of a child. If developmental delays were found during the monitoring the SEN Code of Practice rules and guidance would need to be applied. There are many ways to monitor a child’s development and it is important that this monitoring is carried out throughout the early years and primary/secondary school to mitigate the risks of developmental delays. Task 7: Explain the reasons why children and young people’s development may not follow the expected pattern There are naturally many risk factors for development not following the expected pattern. These can be, but are not exclusive to, an emotionally unsettled family life, one parent family, disadvantaged environmentally, cultural differences, disability, learning difficulties, communication and language issues, lack of early exposure to informal education to name a few. Emotional difficulties can effect expected patterns of development. A child who experiences difficult relationships in the home, perhaps parents who argue or a one parent family situation where the single parent may have other children and no time for the individual child. If a child does not have a solid relationship with the adults in its life from an early stage they are more likely to develop low self esteem and are less likely to try new activities that would help their development. Parents who don’t talk or read to their children can also affect the child’s development educationally and socially. Environmental factors such as poverty and lack of facilities could affect a child’s development, if a family’s finances are  low some opportunities such as nursery will not be available and therefore reduce their exposure to early informal and formal education. If a disability is neglected or unidentified this could significantly affect a child’s development process. Not having the correct facilities or resources ca n obstruct a child’s development if a child or young person is physically not able to progress any further due to the severity of their learning need. Deafness will affect speech and communication. A child that is unable to use certain parts of their body will encounter developmental delays physically and possibly emotionally. A basic example is a child in a wheelchair will not be able to use a climbing frame and their physical development won’t be able to develop in the expected way. In addition the school they attend may lack facilities for their particular needs. Culturally there could be reasons for development delays for example girls in many cultures are not given the same opportunities as boys and this will limit their development, although that is unlikely to be the case in the UK it certainly is the case in some countries. Girls in certain cultures are perhaps not expected to do as well as boys as they will marry early and be taken care of by a husband and his extended family. Where this is ingrained into a child they might try less hard at school. Particular learning difficulties will have a huge impact on development without the correct help early on. A child having difficulties with reading and writing and understanding basic instructions will fall behind its peers. Communication difficulties, for example children with a different first language to that of the school where they attend may experience developmental delays due to lack of understanding on both the child’s and teachers part. In addition, incorrect/lack of communication resources can impair a child’s communication development. If the child or young person is physically unable to communicate, they will be unable to develop this area. This may lead to a lack of social skills or confidence which can negatively influence a child’s development. Taking all of the above examples into consideration it is vitally important that the risk factors are identified and where possible, mitigated early on.

Some Of The Most Exciting Sports - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 2 Words: 538 Downloads: 8 Date added: 2019/04/04 Category Sports Essay Level High school Tags: Soccer Essay Did you like this example? Soccer and football are some of the most exciting sports in the world today. At most schools football and soccer are both played in the fall. The fields on what football and soccer are played on are somewhat same. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Some Of The Most Exciting Sports" essay for you Create order Both football and soccer are performed on a large field with synthetic or natural grass. The difference between football and soccer is that soccer has shorter goal poles at either end of the playing field while football has two tall goal poles at either end of the playing field. The equipment for soccer and football are entirely different. On the one hand, the ball used in football is pointy at each end and is solid brown. On the other side, the ball used for soccer is a sphere with black and white spots, on most. Unlike football, soccer is played in a lot of places, including the open fields, busy streets, and in deserted roads. The term soccer is commonly used in the United States. However, soccer is commonly referred to as football outside the US. Soccer was first played in Great Britain during the industrial revolution as a way of entertaining people. Both Australia and Scotland played a critical role in helping soccer become popular by creating a broad range of leagues for interested players. A soccer team has eleven players that include a goalkeeper, defenders, midfielders, and strikers. Other common words for describing positions are overlapping defenders, left back, central defenders, or left wing, to mention but a few. The rules for playing soccer and football share some differences and similarities. A soccer match has its own rules that are distinct from other sports. The goalkeeper is the only player that is allowed to touch the ball with his or her body parts, including hands and legs. The rest of the players are not permitted to handle the ball with their hands. One difference between football and soccer is that football players can use both legs and hand while playing while soccer players can only use their heads and feet to get the ball in the net.The defensive players and strikers do not play similarly in both sports. In soccer, both defensive and offensive players are on the playing field together while in football, the game stops and invariably start so that defensive and offensive players can switch up. Both football and soccer have coaches who teach players a broad range of tactics on how to win the match. The coaches are also referred to as managers. They are also tasked with the responsibility of deciding which player to play. The field designed for soccer players usually is 60-100 meters in width and 110-130 meters in length. There are many soccer competitions throughout the world. Some of the famous competition include World Cup, Champions League, FA Cup, and Europa League. The winning team in each completion is always given a prize. It is evident that football and soccer are exciting sports. The objective of both football and soccer is to score goals and win the game. However, given the chance to choose from the two sports, soccer is my favorite. Works Cited https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Association_football https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_football

Critique of The Raising of the Cross Essay - 860 Words

The Raising of the Cross is one in a series of paintings based on the crucifixion of Christ by Peter Paul Rubens. This piece was painted between 1609 and 1610 with oil on canvas in life size with the centerpiece of the triptych measuring 15’2† by 11’2†. It is now displayed in the Cathedral of Our Lady in Antwerp, Belgium (Dunton, 164). Peter Paul Rubens was a Flemish artist that painted in Baroque style, his paintings were mostly of religious and mythical origin and his skill in such has been highly regarded in his lifetime and since. (www.peterpaulrubens.com) Born June 28, 1577, Rubens development as a painter, apparently, started early. After his father’s death and his family moving to Antwerp he decided he wished to be a painter†¦show more content†¦In the center panel of The Raising of the Cross, there are many men struggling to lift Christ on the cross. I think the implied significance of this is the biblical reference to the weig ht of the sins of the world being on Christ and his death being the ultimate sacrifice. Ruben seems to portray this by showing how heavy a weight that is by the men struggling to lift Christ. The angling of the cross and the styling of the painting is very similar to Ruben’s artistic inspirations, such as Caravaggio (Getlein 425). Besides the cross, there seems to be a clearly implied line pointing to the sign above Jesus’ head where it states that he is â€Å"Jesus the Nazarene, King of the Jews† in multiple languages (Bible, Gospel of John 19:19-20). There appears to be, what looks like, a skull in the wall behind the cross, this would likely be the skull of Goliath, since the hill is Golgotha (the Place of the Skull) (Bible, Mark 15:22). Jesus is clearly more brightly lit than the rest of the painting giving him emphasis in the image and the rocks behind the group being subordinate to them. 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Whispered Personal Essay Samples for College Secrets

Whispered Personal Essay Samples for College Secrets Personal Essay Samples for College Can Be Fun for Everyone At all times consider the surroundings at INSEAD and what your essay is saying about your capacity to fit in among an extremely diverse group of individuals. In this kind of situation, the chance of being cheated through an on-line essay writing content mill only increases the agony and frustration of overburdened students. For instance, the author addresses the manner that American history classes do not normally address about the Vietnam War, despite the fact that it happened just a limited time ago. If you're going to explain yourself for the cover letter to submit an application for a college or job, attempt to devote each one of your details based on the point of your letter. Attempt not to ask if your private statement is good, instead ask how it is able to be made better. You don't know anything about the folks that are reading your private statement. With a bit of research, you may safely list around 4 colleges which you think you may realistically get into. Students may even pursue their selection of editing course further by acquiring a master's degree which holds an important position in the business. Thus, State University isn't only the ideal spot for me, it is the sole location for me. On top of its growing cultural and ethnic diversity, it is becoming a master at creating a niche for every student. Prior to starting, the very first thing you ought to see is that the personal statement has become the most significant part your admissions package. Additionally, thousands of high school seniors throughout the country have begun the practice of filling out college applications. In order to stay competitive in the business world you should arm yourself with the suitable education. A brilliant law student has to be vigilant enough to spot out the key issues occur in the case. The college essay may be one of the toughest things in a student's life they have ever written. College admission essay is vital as it decides if you're able to make your dream of studying in a special college come true. It need not be a hindrance to achieve your dream of getting higher education experience. College admission essays are a few of the absolute most important factor materials which may predict your future in college education. Things You Won't Like About Personal Essay Samples for College and Things You Will Don't underestimate the total amount of time various facets of the process take, like writing and rewriting your essays. Make sure that you are selecting a genuine essay writing service instead of just some bogus content mill. A couple of mistakes on a writing sample is going to do that. Video editing, sound editing and audio-visual editing are a few of the approaching areas of interest that have made students to elect for courses linked to video graphics, photography, sound modulation and several different things. When you purchase an essay, it's important to make certain that you bear in mind the standard of the work done by that specific company in as far as delivery of quality essays to students goes. Using paid services that provide essay writing help has been an increasing trend in recent decades. Students may easily become superior writers and critical thinkers by showing the suitable writing abilities. How to submit articles free of charge By Claudiu Gherasim Article marketing is among the solutions for webmasters looking to boost visitors to their sites. Writing a college admission essay differs from an overall essay. The Advance Placement Program is recognized by the majority of universities and colleges in the usa. Picking the essay topic for your private essay is easy as you're well acquainted with the subject. There are various types of law essays. Think, evaluate and take note of the significant points you want to incorporate in your essay. If you are aware of what they need to and what they are searching for then you may start your essay with a how to tip. Students are unable to think of an excellent article of prejudice essays, not because they can't write essays but probably on account of the simple fact which they are unable to create superior titles for essays on prejudice. Consequently, they can come up with different thesis for different themes to write essays on hamlet. They spend sleepless nights to write a fine essay but it's not that difficult because the essay can have several purposes but the fundamental structure remain same. Many students might not be acquainted with the intricacies involved when they opt to obtain an essay.

Strategic Dimensions as Internal Marketing

Question: Discuss about the Strategic Dimensions as Internal Marketing. Answer: Introduction Strategic dimension can be defined as the strategic aspect of an organization, which includes organizational composition, management and values (Krzakiewicz Cyfert, 2014). The organizational chosen for this study is Bulla dairy. It is a major Australian dairy firm, which manufactures dairy products nationally and also exports the products to international market. The study will assess the strategic dimension of the organization through its generic strategies, organizational culture and organizational structure. The study will describe the generic strategies of the organization through cost leadership, differentiation and focus strategy. The study will also describe the organizational culture and structure of Bulla Dairy. Moreover, at the end of the study, it will demonstrate the consistency of each dimension towards the success of the organization. Company Background Bulla Dairy Foods is the major Australian dairy company, which manufactures dairy product in national basis. However, the organization exports its ranges of dairy product to various international markets. The organization exports frozen and chilled dairy products to various leading markets of Middle Eastern and Asian (Bulla.com.au, 2017). It is highly popular for manufacturing and exporting range of dairy products such as table cream, ice cream, sour cream, cheese, yogurt, imitation cream and cottage under different brands. Thomas Sloan established the organization in 1910 and it subsequently became the partnership among three inter-related families (Bulla.com.au, 2017). Moreover, these inter-related families still own and operate the business of the organization. The organization offers family taste in all of its dairy products through thickening the milk. The organization exports to over 20 countries and has annual retail sales of more than $ 300 million (Moir McCarthy, 2014). As per the survey of 2014, 20% Australians buy the dairy products of Bulla Dairy from the grocery shop of Australia (Referred to Appendix 1). Moreover, most of the customers between the age of 14-24 majorly buy the ice cream product of Bulla Dairy (Referred to Appendix 2). Generic Business Strategy The primary determinant of an organizations profitability is the attractiveness of the industry within which it operates. On the other hand, the secondary determinant of an organizations profitability is its position within the industry (Rad, Lewis, 2014). Michel Porter has invented this theory of generic strategy for identifying an organizations position through leveraging its strength. This theory also suggests the way in which an organization can pursue competitive advantage within the industry. There are three dimension with which an organization can pursue competitive advantage within the industry namely cost leadership, differentiation and focus. The generic strategy of Bulla Dairy has been described in the following for demonstrating its competitive advantage. Cost Leadership Strategy An organization can sell its products either at average industry price for gaining increasing profit or below the average industry price for gaining increasing market share. However, this generic strategy suggests for low cost producer within the industry against a minimum given quality. In this extent, Bulla Dairy sells its dairy product below the average industry price towards capturing high market share (Purves et al., 2015). The organization offers their products at highly affordable price towards making them affordable for all types of customers. Through this strategy, the organization can maintain some profitability in the price war of highly competitive market (Elgin-Stuczynski Batterbury, 2014). The cost leadership strategy of the organization target broad markets of Australia and increasing market share in those markets. The organization has acquired cost advantage through improved process efficiencies and gaining unique access to the raw materials. The organization get wid e access to the fresh milk produced in the Colac, which is a provincial town located at Western District of Victoria (Thorley, 2014). Therefore, the organization can produce their dairy products at cheaper cost and sells it to the customers at affordable price. Differentiation Strategy Differentiation strategy suggests for development of products and services, which offers unique attributes. Customers perceive such products having high value and different from other similar products of other organizations. The value added by the organizations in their products allows them to charge premium price for the products (Santhanam-Martin Nettle, 2014). Bulla Dairy has wide range of dairy product serving to wide variety of customers. Moreover, the customers can have traditional taste in all the dairy products of this organization. Bulla Dairy also offers varieties of flavors in all their ice creams, which attract the kids group (Scarsbrook Melland, 2015). Furthermore, the low fat dairy products of the organization have also become high popular among the customers. Such low fat and healthy lifestyle products of this organization are frozen yoghurt and cottage cheese. Therefore, this healthy and low fat dairy products having unique taste have allowed the organization to be competitive in the market. The focus strategy focuses on narrow segment and within that segment endeavor to attain either cost leadership or differentiation. The premise of this strategy is that an organization can better serve the customers by focusing completely on it. The organization has mostly targeted household group for offering milk products. The traditional taste of the dairy foods attracts most of the people having traditional preferences (Schuck et al., 2016). Moreover, the organization has also targeted health conscious people having healthy dairy foods. However, the organization is limited to operate only within the Australia. The organization does not have international expansion and they only export their dairy products in international countries (Caiazza et al., 2016). In this way, Bulla Dairy has become able to gain high level of customer loyalty. This entrenched loyalty of the organization has discouraged other competitors in competing with this organization directly. Moreover, the organizati on has targeted all income groups from low to high towards meeting the daily needs of the customers. Organizational Culture The culture of Bulla Dairy of highly based on the ideals that self-motivated people work hard rather than having boss micromanaging every step of the employees. The unique structure of the organization allows it to grow and respond more quickly than its other competitors. Bulla Dairy initially grew fast, as decisions were made at the lowest possible level. The corporate culture of the organization is based on open structure, where low level employees can easily approach to top level managers regarding any organizational issues (Hogan Coote, 2014). Therefore, any organizational issue is resolved at the initial stage. The organizational leaders are extremely supportive to the employees for helping them in doing any complex job. However, some leaders in manufacturing department and designing department are non-cooperative with the employees opinions (OReilly et al., 2014). Excellence is emphasized as the critical success factor for the organization especially for production of dairy fo ods. The culture of the organization involves strict policy of hiring best employees for the organization. The employees are hired for their knowledge, creativity and skills (Bschgens et al., 2013). The organizational culture of Bulla Dairy highlights creativity in the development of dairy products. This culture helps the organization to develop business process as per the business needs as well as organizational needs. Furthermore, innovation is at the core of organizational culture of Bulla Dairy. All the employees are encouraged and trained enough for demonstrating their innovation in their individual performance areas. They are also allowed to share their innovative ideas in the business development process of the organization. On the other hand, the organizational culture of Bulla Dairy highlights moderate combativeness with the workplace. This shows the combative approach of the leaders. In this approach, leaders of the organization constantly challenge the skills and abilities of t he employees towards meeting the organizational standards (Tong et al., 2015). This is positive in the sense that it fosters employee innovation. On the hand, it is negative in the sense that it can discourage some employees, who are slow in demonstrating their innovation. Moreover, the organizational culture of Bulla dairy protects business from unenthusiastic influence of employee poaching and corporate espionage. This level of organizational culture actually reveals the organizational characteristics, which can be easily viewed, felt and heard by the employees collectively. The employees of Bulla Dairy are highly dedicated in their job role and their level of dedication is apparently reflected on their job performance. Moreover, the dedication level of the employees allows the organization to fulfill their innovative mission effectively. The employees of Bulla Dairy are to wear formal dress in their organization and they are extremely polite in communicating with their superiors (Martinez et al., 2015). Moreover, the management of the organization allows the employees to participate in organizational decision making process. Therefore, the employees are highly responsible towards fulfilling their targets and meeting organizational standards. The managers of Bulla Dairy are extremely cooperative with the employees in performing any complex job. The concerns of the employees are always taken into consideration while framing any organizational policies and procedures. Moreover, the innovative ideas of the employees are highly appreciated by the upper level managers. On the other hand, the employees of the organization always respect their managers and obey their instruction for the betterment of business development (Hogan Coote, 2014). The standard and values of the organization are always aligned with the individual needs of the customers. All the male employees and female employees are given equal rights in the workplace. Moreover, female employees are given extra privileges as per their requirements. Organizational Structure From the above figure, it can be found that Bulla Dairy uses functional organizational structure for operating their business. In this structure, the organization has different functional departments operating individually for the success for the business. The reporting relationships of the organization are grouped based on specialty of each department. The organization is divided into separate groups on the basis of their specialized functional areas such as production department, technical department, human resource department, finance centre and customer service department (Joseph et al., 2016). This organizational structure allowed Bulla Dairy to get enhanced functional efficiencies, as the employees having shared knowledge and skills are group together in each department. In this structure, board decides the strategies for long term business operation and inspects the interim report for the organization towards maintain those strategies. Moreover, they are the heads of the organization and control the business from long term perspectives. On the other hand, the director control each individual department of the organization namely production department to finance centre and human resource department (Erhemjamts et al., 2013). Most of the decisions of Bulla dairy are taken on the top of the hierarchy. The director is responsible to communicate the decisions of the board to each of the departmental heads. However, the consistency of the communication sometimes hampered due to scattered departments within the organization. The director is responsible for maintaining the consistency of the communication within each department for effective implementation of organizational strategies. The head of production department is responsible for controlling the activities of the employees from production, QA manager, maintenance employees, purchasing and logistics. The quality manager is responsible for maintaining the health standard in each of the dairy products. On the other hand, the head of production department also control the logistics functions. The employees of logistic department are responsible for distributing fresh milk to the inventory and the finished dairy products to the customers end. Moreover, the technical department head is responsible for controlling the activities of product design and research and development team. Furthermore, the head of human resource department is responsible for controlling the hiring and maintenance activities of human capital. Bulla dairy is highly concerned about recruiting extremely knowledgeable people and maintaining them through proper training and development Joseph et al., 2016). Recommendation Through Bulla dairy is extremely popular in Australia for its high quality dairy foods, still the organization is only limited within Australia. The organization does not operate on international basis. It only exports its products to international market. Limited expansion is ultimately reducing the potentiality of the organization for earning increasing profit. Therefore, the organization should take initiatives for expanding in international market for increasing organizational profit. Effective Leadership The leaders of Bulla Dairy are supportive enough for assisting the employees in performing complex jobs. However, some leaders in production department are not that much supportive to the employees for aligning their skills to organizational success. These leaders are inclined to demonstrate aggression to the employees, which sometimes demoralize the employees. Therefore, these leaders should be high supportive to the employees and assists them to enhance their skills. Improved Business Communication In case of functional organizational structure, the communication among each department sometime gets hampered. It can reduce the capability of the organization towards achieving organizational goals. Therefore, the organization should enhance the consistency of the organizational communication. Conclusion While concluding the study, it can be said that Bulla Dairy is extremely popular dairy firm in Australia for its unique taste dairy foods. The success of the organization is tightly integrated with its business strategies, organizational structure and organizational structure. Innovation is at the core of the organization culture in Bulla Dairy. The organization is extremely concerned about providing unique value to the customers. Therefore, the organization is capable of taking the differentiation generic strategy for being competitive in the market. Moreover, the employees are allowed to contribute their innovative ideas for the success of the organization. It allows the organization to focus on new aspect of business through targeting new types of customers. Moreover, there is concrete relationship between the organizational culture and generic strategies of Bulla Dairy. Organizational structure defines the way of allocating and dividing the task among each of the department of the organization. Moreover, it defines the flow of communication within the organization. Therefore, the nature of organizational culture is highly dependent of the structure of the organization. In case of Bulla Dairy, the board decides the long-term business strategies of the organization. However, the director is responsible for communicating the strategies among each departmental head. Moreover, the directors allow enough authority to the departmental heads for managing their individual department. Therefore, this organizational structure has created open organizational culture, where board does not micromanage each activities of each department. Organizational strategies set out the roadmap for the organization for meeting organizational goals. On the other hand, organizational structure defines the way in which organizational resources are distributes among each department for achieving organizational goals. Therefore, the structure and strategy of the organization must be woven together for better sustainability in the market. The organizational structure is functional in nature, where the organizational departments are grouped together based on their specialized areas. Therefore, these specialized departments can better contribute their innovative ideas for bringing differentiation in the organization. References Bulla.com.au. (2017).Bulla.com.au. Retrieved 2 February 2017, from https://www.bulla.com.au/#/ Bschgens, T., Bausch, A., Balkin, D. B. (2013). Organizational Culture and Innovation: A Meta?Analytic Review.Journal of product innovation management,30(4), 763-781. Caiazza, R., Volpe, T., Stanton, J. L. (2016). Innovation in Agro-Foods: A Comparative Analysis of Value Chains.Journal of International Food Agribusiness Marketing,28(3), 240-253. Erhemjamts, O., Li, Q., Venkateswaran, A. (2013). Corporate social responsibility and its impact on firms investment policy, organizational structure, and performance.Journal of Business Ethics,118(2), 395-412. Hogan, S. J., Coote, L. V. (2014). Organizational culture, innovation, and performance: A test of Schein's model.Journal of Business Research,67(8), 1609-1621. Joseph, J., Klingebiel, R., Wilson, A. J. (2016). Organizational Structure and Performance Feedback: Centralization, Aspirations, and Termination Decisions.Organization Science,27(5), 1065-1083. Krzakiewicz, K., Cyfert, S. (2014). The strategic dimension of the dynamic capabilities of enterprises.Management,18(2), 7-18. Lee, J. Y., Kozlenkova, I. V., Palmatier, R. W. (2015). Structural marketing: using organizational structure to achieve marketing objectives.Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science,43(1), 73-99. Martinez, E. A., Beaulieu, N., Gibbons, R., Pronovost, P., Wang, T. (2015). Organizational culture and performance.The American Economic Review,105(5), 331-335. Moir, B., McCarthy, O. (2014). Foreign investment in the Australian dairy industry.Agricultural Commodities,4(3), 21. OReilly III, C. A., Caldwell, D. F., Chatman, J. A., Doerr, B. (2014). The promise and problems of organizational culture: CEO personality, culture, and firm performance.Group Organization Management,39(6), 595-625. Purves, N., Niblock, S. J., Sloan, K. (2015). On the relationship between financial and non-financial factors: A case study analysis of financial failure predictors of agribusiness firms in Australia.Agricultural Finance Review,75(2), 282-300. Elgin-Stuczynski, I., Batterbury, S. (2014). Perceptions of climate variability and dairy farmer adaptations in Corangamite Shire, Victoria, Australia.International Journal of Climate Change Strategies and Management,6(1), 85-107. Rad, S. J., Lewis, M. J. (2014). Water utilisation, energy utilisation and waste water management in the dairy industry: a review.International Journal of Dairy Technology,67(1), 1-20. Santhanam-Martin, M. I. C. H. A. E. L., Nettle, R. U. T. H. (2014). Governing Australias dairy farm workforce: a new terrain for negotiating rural community sustainability.Int J Sociol Agric Food,21(1), 31-50. Scarsbrook, M. R., Melland, A. R. (2015). Dairying and water-quality issues in Australia and New Zealand.Animal Production Science,55(7), 856-868. Schuck, P., Jeantet, R., Bhandari, B., Chen, X. D., Perrone, . T., de Carvalho, A. F., ... Kelly, P. (2016). Recent advances in spray drying relevant to the dairy industry: A comprehensive critical review.Drying Technology,34(15), 1773-1790. Thorley, V. (2014). There is absolutely NO SUBSTITUTE for fresh milk: dairy marketing in Australia, twentieth century.International Journal of Liberal Arts and Social Science,2(2), 1-14. Tong, C., Tak, W. I. W., Wong, A. (2015). The Impact of knowledge sharing on the relationship between organizational culture and Job satisfaction: The perception of information communication and technology (ICT) practitioners in Hong Kong.International Journal of Human Resource Studies,5(1), 19. Wiewiora, A., Trigunarsyah, B., Murphy, G., Coffey, V. (2013). Organizational culture and willingness to share knowledge: A competing values perspective in Australian context.International Journal of Project Management,31(8), 1163-1174.

Lucretia Rudolph Garfield Essay Research Paper Lucretia free essay sample

Lucretia Rudolph Garfield Essay, Research Paper Lucretia Rudolph Garfield 1832-1918 In the affectionate eyes of her hubby, President James A. Garfield, Lucretia grows up to every new exigency with all right tact and immaculate gustatory sensation. She proved this in the eyes of the state, though she was ever a reserved, self-contained adult female. She categorically refused to present for a run exposure, and much preferred a literary circle or informal party to a province response. Her love of larning she acquired from her male parent, Zeb Rudolph, a taking citizen of Hiram, Ohio, and devout member of the Disciples of Christ. She foremost met Jim Garfield when both attended a nearby school, and they renewed their friendly relationship in 1851 as pupils at the Western Reserve Eclectic Institute, founded by the Disciples. But Crete did non pull his particular attending until December 1853, when he began a instead cautious wooing, and they did non get married until November 1858, when he was good launched on his calling as a instructor. We will write a custom essay sample on Lucretia Rudolph Garfield Essay Research Paper Lucretia or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page His service in the Union Army from 1861 to 1863 kept them apart ; their first kid, a girl, died in 1863. But after his foremost lonely winter in Washington as a fresher Representative, the household remained together. With a place in the capital every bit good as one in Ohio they enjoyed a happy domestic life. A two-year-old boy died in 1876, but five kids grew up healthy and promising ; with the transition of clip, Lucretia became more and more her hubby # 8217 ; s comrade. In Washington they shared rational involvements with congenial friends ; she went with him to meetings of a locally celebrate vitamin D literary society. They read together, made societal calls together, dined with each other and traveled in company until by 1880 they were as about inseparable as his calling permitted. Garfield # 8217 ; s election to the Presidency brought a cheerful household to the White House in 1881. Though Mrs. Garfield was non peculiarly interested in a First Lady # 8217 ; s societal responsibilities, she was profoundly painstaking and her echt cordial reception made her dinners and twice-weekly responses gratifying. At the age of 49 she was still a slender, graceful small adult female with clear dark eyes, her brown hair get downing to demo hints of Ag. In May she fell soberly sick, seemingly from malaria and nervous exhaustion, to her hubby # 8217 ; s profound hurt. When you are sick, he had written her seven old ages before, I am like the dwellers of states visited by temblors. She was still a convalescent, at a seaboard resort in New Jersey, when he was shot by a brainsick bravo on July 2. She returned to Washington by particular train # 8211 ; frail, fatigued, despairing, reported an eyewitness at the White House, but house and quiet and full of intent to salvage. During the three months her hubby fought for his life, her heartache, devotedness, and fortitude won the regard and understanding of the state. In September, after his decease, the bereaved household went place to their farm in Ohio. For another 36 old ages she led a purely private but busy and comfy life, active in continuing the records of her hubby # 8217 ; s calling. She died on March 14, 1918. Whitehouse.gov/wh/glimpse.firstladies/html/firstladies.html